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成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試詞匯題備考指導(dǎo)
詞匯是聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫等語(yǔ)言技能的基礎(chǔ)和根本，在考試中，對(duì)詞匯的測(cè)試實(shí)際貫穿在聽力、詞匯、閱讀、綜合填空和寫作等各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中。實(shí)踐證明，沒(méi)有足夠的詞匯作基礎(chǔ)，聽說(shuō)讀寫譯等技能就無(wú)從談起。詞匯量的大小與詞匯運(yùn)用能力的高低必然會(huì)直接影響到其他各個(gè)部分的得分，從而會(huì)影響整個(gè)答題效果。環(huán)球雅思成人外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)，北京免費(fèi)咨詢電話400-001-9911轉(zhuǎn)分機(jī)17005，廣州地區(qū)電話400-001-9911轉(zhuǎn)分機(jī)17019。
從各類考試的分析來(lái)看，詞匯題主要測(cè)試詞義和搭配兩大內(nèi)容。詞義方面主要測(cè)試詞類相同而詞義不同的詞、詞形相似而詞義不同的詞、同義詞、近義詞、派生詞、易混詞等;搭配方面主要測(cè)試介詞與其他詞類固定搭配與使用的能力，如名詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、形容詞與介詞的搭配等。下面對(duì)這些重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。
1)詞類相同詞義不同的詞或詞組，用以測(cè)試考生認(rèn)詞的能力，只要熟悉詞義，根據(jù)句意即可選擇。如：
① Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it immediately.
A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant
答案是C)。
② The manager spoke highly of such ________ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.
A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics
答案是A)。
2)多義詞、同義詞、近義詞、近形詞。這幾類詞測(cè)試考生的辨詞能力，占的比例較大。英語(yǔ)中不少單詞是多義詞。有的學(xué)生只知道某個(gè)單詞的某種意義，卻不知道它的其他意義和在特定上下文中引申意義;同義、近義詞概念雖相同、相近，但含義和用法上仍存在差別;近形詞，形似義異，具有迷惑性，選擇時(shí)要注意區(qū)分各詞之間的細(xì)微不同處，要從使用場(chǎng)合、搭配結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義關(guān)系上分析，最后作出判斷。如
① Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ____.
A) bare B) vacant C) blank D) hollow
答案是A)
② _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.
A) Unlike B) Liking C) Alike D) Dislike
答案是A)
③ It took several months to ________ the wild horse.
A) tend B) cultivate C) average D) regular
④ Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.
A) normal B) ordinary C) average D) regular
答案是B)。
3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)詞+小品詞(介詞或副詞)。這類詞在語(yǔ)法上都起動(dòng)詞作用，句中作謂語(yǔ);在語(yǔ)義上不是意義的疊加而是賦有新義。
① Our son doesn‘t know what to _______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.
A) take over B) take after C) take in D) take up
答：答案是D)。
② One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.
A) came across B) came about C) come after D) came at
答案是A)。
4)固定搭配，包括名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配等等。這些搭配紛繁復(fù)雜、千變?nèi)f化，是產(chǎn)生詞匯錯(cuò)誤的主要原因，因此，考生平時(shí)須多讀多看，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感，逐步積累，牢牢記住。如：
① Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on _________ for two months.
A) pile B) segment C) sequence D) file
答案是D)。
② He hoped the firm would ________ him to the Paris branch.
A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove
答案是C)。
③ The ratio of the work done by the machine _________ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.
A) against B) with C) to D) for
答案是C)。
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