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小升初英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解析
動(dòng)詞
這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞（就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞）。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：
先用一（量詞）（如：一個(gè)、一張等）和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說(shuō)不通再用很去判斷，就是把很和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞；都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。（目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道）
1、be動(dòng)詞（ am, is, are, was, were ）
1）am-was, is -was, are--were
口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
2）肯定和否定句
I am (not) from London.
He is(not) a teacher.
She is(not) in the dining room.
My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.
3）一般疑問(wèn)句
Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you aren't.
Are they American? Yes, they are. /No, they aren't.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. /No, it isn't.
4）be動(dòng)詞的否定形式
am not（沒(méi)有縮寫形式），are not = aren't ，is not = isn't 。
練一練：
用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。
1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2）The girl______ Jacks sister.
3）The dog _______ tall and fat.
4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5）______ your brother in the classroom?
6）How _______ your father?
7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
8）Whose dress ______ this?
9）Whose socks ______ they?
10）Who ______ ?
11）The jeans ______ on the desk.
12）Here ______ a scarf for you.
13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.
14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.
17）Some tea ______ in the glass.
18）Gao shans shirt _______ over there.
19）My sisters name ______Nancy.
20）______ David and Helen from England?
21）There ______ a girl in the room.
22）There ______ some apples on the tree.
23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
24）There _______ some bread on the plate.
25）You, he and I ______ from China.
26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
2、助動(dòng)詞（ do, does, did ）
do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過(guò)去式did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞do, does, did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。
1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。
1) ______you like this magazine?
2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.
3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.
4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.
5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.
6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.
7) They______ not like playing volleyball.
8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .
9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?
10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.
2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = can't, must not = mustn't, 注意：may not和shall not（無(wú)縮寫形式）
練一練：
選擇填空。
( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you ______stay away from the building.
A. must B. can C. shouldnt
( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?
A. may B. can C. should
( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library.
A. should B.should'n C. can
( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.
A. May B. Could C. Would
( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I cant.
A. Can B. Can C. Should
( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus?
A. May B. Must C. Shall
4、行為動(dòng)詞
就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞）+ing、過(guò)去式+ed。
（1）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：
A、一般直接加s，如：play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ；
B、以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾時(shí)，加es，如：catch - catches, watch - watches ；
C、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，變y為i再加es，如：carry - carries, study - studies 。
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
A、一般直接加ing，如：go - going, do - doing, look - looking ；
B、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，去e 加ing，如：take - taking, make - making, have - having ；
C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加ing，如：
put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning, jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。
（3）過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
A、一般直接加ed，如：plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ；
B、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾，直接加ed，如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ；
C、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，變y為i再加ed，如：try - tried, carry - carried, study - studied ；
D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加ed，如：stop - stopped ；
E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)記憶：
是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開(kāi)始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying；
能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來(lái)-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；
感覺(jué)-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長(zhǎng)-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；
聽(tīng)-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學(xué)習(xí)learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；
意味-mean-meant-meaning；會(huì)見(jiàn) -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；
說(shuō)-say-said-saying；看見(jiàn)-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should---；
唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺(jué)-sleep-slept-sleeping；說(shuō)-speak-spoke-speaking；度過(guò)-spend-spent-spending 。
練一練：
1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。
drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________
pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________
study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________
2、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________
plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________
write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________
3、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
isam _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________
make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________
eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do ________
4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we
_______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )
（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )
（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago. ( be )
（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of
songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )
（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework. Look!
He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday?
Yes, he_______. ( do )
（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes
last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )
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