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詳析雅思閱讀難句中的插入結(jié)構(gòu)
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：同學(xué)們一般習(xí)慣于以詞為單位閱讀，所以遇到存在“生詞”的句子就無(wú)從下手了。其實(shí)閱讀的真正障礙并不在于“生詞”，而在于“難句”，因?yàn)殡y句即使每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，只要“結(jié)構(gòu)”復(fù)雜，可能也讀不懂。反之，一旦能夠把握“結(jié)構(gòu)”，就可以忽略生詞，掌握大意，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)“無(wú)詞閱讀”的境界。為此，yjbys小編特為大家分析雅思閱讀插入句結(jié)構(gòu)難句，歡迎參考。
一、難句的構(gòu)成
英語(yǔ)的難句=主句+從句+短語(yǔ)，不同于漢語(yǔ)的句子全是簡(jiǎn)單句，沒(méi)有復(fù)雜句。如果把英語(yǔ)的難句比喻成大樹(shù)，那么主句相當(dāng)于樹(shù)干，從句相當(dāng)于樹(shù)枝，而短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語(yǔ)的'句子就好比是竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)的。
因此，我們?cè)诶斫庥⒄Z(yǔ)難句的時(shí)候要學(xué)會(huì)“拆”——把復(fù)雜句拆成簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)理解。也就是說(shuō)，要學(xué)會(huì)抓住“樹(shù)干”，拆掉“枝葉”。
二、如何“拆”
任何句子都必須有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以找到一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就可以拆下來(lái)一個(gè)句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1)識(shí)別出有哪幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;2)找出主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，先理解主句;3)再去理解從句和短語(yǔ)。
三、符號(hào)說(shuō)明
1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用黑體的斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know …。
2.從句的'引導(dǎo)詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3.從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導(dǎo)的從句。
4.插入語(yǔ)成分用括號(hào)表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…
插入句結(jié)構(gòu)難句列表
1. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
2.Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
3.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
4.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
5.Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
7.Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.
8.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.
9.While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
10.But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
11.You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.
12.It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
13.Computer crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.
14.Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
1. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入語(yǔ)，而插入語(yǔ)并不重要。所以要先理解插入語(yǔ)兩端的內(nèi)容，再理解插入語(yǔ)。因此，對(duì)于插入語(yǔ)，我們的處理方法是：“先讀兩端，再讀中間”。with后面的right…right…and right…是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
翻譯：兒童從早到晚都能聽(tīng)到別人在講(母語(yǔ))，而且更重要的是，聽(tīng)到的總是一種正確的發(fā)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、用詞以及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的純正語(yǔ)言。
2.Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
結(jié)構(gòu)：只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入語(yǔ)。本句的主干為：Work involves responsibility。for后面的內(nèi)容修飾responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
翻譯：對(duì)于大多數(shù)美國(guó)和中國(guó)的55歲或者以下的婦女而言，工作的全部職責(zé)包括了負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)、照顧孩子以及在家務(wù)之外還要上班。
3.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有5個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為could not help。that引導(dǎo)think的賓語(yǔ)從句。could contact屬于定于從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞，修飾person。unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，為插入語(yǔ)。拆分為：
1) Still, he could not help thinking.
2) That if anything should happen.
3) The nearest person would be on … away.
4) he could contact the person.
5) Unless there was a ship nearby.
翻譯：他仍然忍不住想到，如果發(fā)生了什么意外，那么除非附近有條船，否則他能用電臺(tái)聯(lián)系到的最近的人也885英里之外的島嶼上。
4.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
結(jié)構(gòu)：只有1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作為has的賓語(yǔ)。(at certain rare intervals)是插入語(yǔ)。
翻譯：然而，這另一種生活也有其情趣、快樂(lè)、滿足，而且也偶爾伴隨著平靜的喜悅或者突如其來(lái)的激動(dòng)。
5.Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中is not是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，作為插入語(yǔ)，分隔了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。拆分為：
1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.
翻譯：因此，雖然在很多方面，我們對(duì)社會(huì)體制的認(rèn)識(shí)極度不準(zhǔn)確，但是這些認(rèn)識(shí)并不能夠被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)所正式推翻。
6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中is是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入語(yǔ)，分隔了從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。拆分為：
1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.
2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
翻譯：然而，自我實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)于道德而言至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)闆](méi)有自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的公民，無(wú)論多么有道德，都無(wú)法履行道德賦予他們的義務(wù)。
7. Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4組謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為will become和will have and produce。whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句為插入語(yǔ)。拆分：
1) Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.
2) People possess it.
3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services.
翻譯：信息和知識(shí)將會(huì)變得更加重要，而且掌握它們的人們，不論是在制造業(yè)還是服務(wù)業(yè)，都將會(huì)擁有優(yōu)勢(shì)，創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。
8.What I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有5個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為was。What引導(dǎo)主句從句。(it turned out)為插入語(yǔ)。拆分為：
1) What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.
2) The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts.
3) The inserts normally are included with the Sunday paper.
翻譯：原來(lái)，我因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)報(bào)紙行業(yè)罷工而受到責(zé)備。罷工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夾在周日?qǐng)?bào)紙里面的廣告插頁(yè)遞送出去。
9.While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入語(yǔ)，分隔了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。Ingratiating這個(gè)形容詞修飾smile，不認(rèn)識(shí)也不妨礙理解。拆分為：
1) The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
2) While we were waiting for the coffee.
翻譯：正在我們等咖啡上來(lái)的時(shí)候，領(lǐng)班面帶著奉承的微笑，走到我們跟前，帶來(lái)了一大籃子的特大蘋果。
10.But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中demands是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入語(yǔ)。前者做a great book的后置定語(yǔ)，而后者是a great book的同位語(yǔ)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾book，which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾reading。拆分為：
1) A great book demands the most active reading.
2) A book rises and tries to answer …questions.
3) You are capable of the reading.
翻譯：但是一本富于思想和美感的偉大的書(shū)能夠提出并試圖回答一些偉大的根本問(wèn)題。這樣的書(shū)需要你盡最大所能來(lái)積極閱讀。
11.You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有4個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為found和is。分號(hào)前后的兩句話是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一個(gè)that指a general law。第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)a general law的同位語(yǔ)從句。(so far as it goes)是插入語(yǔ)，意思是“迄今為止”。拆分為：
1) You found upon that a general law.
2) That all hard and green apples are sour.
3) And that is a perfect induction.
翻譯：由此你發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條普遍規(guī)律，即所有又硬又青的蘋果都是酸的。而且，迄今為止，這是一條不錯(cuò)的.歸納。
12.It is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有6個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為is和challenges。and連接兩個(gè)并列主句。(everyone agrees)為插入語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)the fact的同位語(yǔ)從句。拆分為：
1) It is a huge task.
2) The child performs the task.
3) When he learns to speak.
4) The fact challenges explanation.
5) That he does so in so short period of time.
翻譯：每個(gè)人都同意，孩子學(xué)說(shuō)話是件艱巨的任務(wù)，而且他們能在如此短時(shí)間內(nèi)做到，確實(shí)需要好好解釋一下。
13.Computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句的為has grown。主干為Computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中間的(a phrase…programs)是插入語(yǔ)，雖然很長(zhǎng)，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解釋computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作為分詞修飾a phrase。steal or modify records, or to release …software為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。called a virus修飾software。
翻譯：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)通訊的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪已經(jīng)在加速增長(zhǎng)。計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是指非法、秘密侵入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)盜取或修改數(shù)據(jù)記錄，或者在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上散布病毒軟件來(lái)破壞數(shù)據(jù)和程序的行為。
14. Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
結(jié)構(gòu)：共有2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為must face。主干為：Britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作為Britain的后置定語(yǔ)。(that is to say)是插入語(yǔ)，意為“也就是說(shuō)”。 兩個(gè)of介詞短語(yǔ)都在修飾the problem。
翻譯：英國(guó)幾乎比世界上任何國(guó)家都更加需要嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待向高空建筑房屋的問(wèn)題，也就是說(shuō)，要在很高的公寓樓里面容納下人口總數(shù)的一大部分的問(wèn)題。
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